Wars of Independence

Wars of Independence
- Succession problem
  The deaths of King Alexander III and the Maid of Norway plunged Scotland into crisis. The nobles asked Edward I to choose a new king. This led to Edward’s increased involvement in Scottish affairs.
- Balliol and Edward I
  In the 1290s, Edward I of England increased his control over Scotland. In 1296, leading Scottish nobles were forced to swear an oath of allegiance to Edward, and Scotland lost its independence.
- William Wallace and Scottish resistance
  William Wallace led the resistance to the English occupation winning the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. A year later, Edward I’s army defeated the Scots at Falkirk. Wallace was executed in 1305.
- Robert Bruce
  Robert Bruce set out to gain independence and the Scottish crown. Bruce’s victory over the English helped pave the way for the Declaration of Arbroath and the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton.
Video playlist
- The death of Alexander III. Video
  In 1287, the death of King Alexander III plunged Scotland into a succession crisis.
- Who did Edward I chose as King of Scots? Video
  Edward I was invited to settle Scotland's succession crisis. He would choose the new king.
- How did Edward I control Scotland? Video
  Edward I used Scotland's succession crisis to his own advantage.
- The Battle of Stirling Bridge, 1297. Video
  The Battle of Stirling Bridge saw a decisive victory for William Wallace and Andrew Moray.
- What was the purpose of the Declaration of Arbroath? Video
  In 1320, the Declaration of Arbroath was sent to the Pope to win support for Scotland.

Video playlist

Links