Me ya sa 'yan Syria ke ƙara talaucewa tun bayan faɗuwar gwamnatin Assad?

A watan Satumban wannan shekara, zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati ta ƙara ƙarfi a birane daban-daban na Syria.

Masu zanga-zangar sun riƙa ƙona tayoyi a filaye da kan tituna, sun kuma toshe hanyoyi kuma suna ɗaga taken nuna adawa da matakin gwamnati na sake ƙara farashin man fetur.

Ita ce zanga-zanga mafi girma da aka yi domin nuna rashin gamsuwa da matakan gwamnati tun bayan da Ahmad al-Sharaa ya hau mulki a ƙasar shekaru biyu da suka wuce.

Ɗaya daga cikin masu zanga-zangar ya shaida wa gidan talabijin na Syria cewa har yanzu yana goyon bayan gwamnati, amma rayuwarsa ta yi muni matuƙa har ya daina samun kuɗin sayen burodi.

"Don gaskiya muna tsoron sabon matakin da gwamnati ta sanar," in ji wani mai zanga-zangar.

Wani sabon ƙarin farashin man fetur na daga cikin jerin matakan gwamnati da ke ci gaba da jefa rayuwar 'yan ƙasa cikin ƙarin wahala.

Bayan da 'yan tawaye ƙarƙashin jagorancin Al-Sharaa suka hamɓarar da gwamnatin Bashar al-Assad, lamarin da ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin danniya na shekara 50 na iyalan Assad da kuma yaƙin basasar shekara 13 da ya lalata ƙasar, rayuwar 'yan Syria da dama ta ci gaba da tabarbarewa sosai.

Da ya karɓi ragamar shugabancin ƙasar, Al-Sharaa ya fara yunƙurin sake gina tattalin arzikin da ya lalace sakamakon shekaru na yaƙi da takunkuman tattalin arziki.

Babu wanda ya yi shakkar cewa wannan aiki ne mai matuƙar wahala.

Sai dai 'yan Syria da suka shaida faɗuwar gwamnatin Assad mai yiwuwa sun yi tsammanin rayuwarsu za ta fara kyautatuwa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, inda da dama suka cika da fata.

Amma dai yanayin rayuwar jama'a bai inganta ba a cikin shekaru biyun da suka gabata tun bayan da sabuwar gwamnati ta hau mulki.

Farashin kusan komai, ciki har da ayyukan jin daɗin jama'a da kayayyakin masarufi na yau da kullum, ya tashi.

Mutane da dama sun ɗauki tsananin ƙarin farashin man fetur a matsayin alamar cewa gwamnati ba ta fahimci ainihin halin da jama'a ke ciki ba.

"Ba ma son manyan hanyoyin zagaye! Kullum kuna gina sabbin mahaɗan hanyoyi. Jama'a sun ba ku goyon baya kuma har yanzu suna tare da ku," in ji ɗaya daga cikin masu zanga-zangar yana aikewa Al-Sharaa saƙo.

"Sai dai irin waɗannan matakai na iya karya gwiwar jama'a kuma daga ƙarshe su sa fushinsu ya ɓarke," ya ƙara da cewa.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki, yayin da kiraye-kirayen sabbin zanga-zanga ke ƙara ƙarfi, gwamnati ta janye matakin ƙarin farashin.

Na haɗu da Fatima Salih Eid a ɗaya daga cikin unguwannin bayan Damascus.

Ta zo kasuwa ne domin sayen isasshen abinci ga iyalanta na mako guda.

Fatima na da shekara 50 a duniya kuma tana aikin tsaftacewa domin taimakawa wajen ciyar da iyalanta.

"Mun sha lokuta masu matuƙar wahala," in ji ta.

Mijinta ya samu aiki a wata masana'antar tayal kwanan nan.

Kafin hakan ya yi shekara guda ba shi da aiki.

Sai dai yana da sa'a domin mutane da yawa da ya sani sun daɗe ba tare da aiki ba.

A wasu tituna, maza kan taru da fatan samun aikin yini guda, amma galibi sukan jira a banza.

A wani ɓangare na manufofin taƙaita kashe kuɗi, gwamnatin Al-Sharaa ta rage tallafin gwamnati sosai, wanda aka kwashe shekaru ana bayarwa a zamanin gwamnatin Assad.

Sakamakon haka, farashin burodi, wanda shi ne babban abinci ga mafi yawan 'yan Syria, ya ninka sau goma.

A halin yanzu, farashin man fetur a Syria ya kai matsakaicin farashi a kasuwannin duniya.

Tsananin tashin farashin man fetur ya shafi manoma ƙwarai.

Farashin zirga-zirga iri-iri ma ya ƙaru, yayin da kuɗin lantarki ga kamfanoni da dama ya tashi.

Gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙarin rage fushin jama'a da rashin gamsuwarsu ta hanyar ƙara albashi da kuɗin fansho ga ma'aikatan gwamnati.

Sai dai saboda ci gaba da tashin farashin kayayyaki, ƙarin albashi da fansho ɗin ba su bayyana suna kawo babban sauyi a rayuwarsu ba.

"A kwanakin nan muna cin abinci mai sauƙi ne kawai. Ba za mu iya sayen kaji ko wasu nau'ikan nama ba. Kayan lambu kawai muke ci, amma har su ma suna da tsada," in ji Fatima.

"Da yardar Allah wata rana farashin zai sauka."

"Ina tsoron kuɗin lantarki"

A cewar Marvan Bashur, wani mai fansho mai shekara 68, kuɗin shigarsa na wata-wata kusan dala 90 ne, adadin da ya yi daidai da mafi ƙarancin albashi a ɓangaren gwamnati.

"Wannan kuɗi sam bai isa ba," in ji shi.

A cewar Shirin Raya Ƙasashe na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNDP), kashi 90 cikin 100 na 'yan Syria na rayuwa cikin talauci.

Marvan Bashur ya bayyana mana yadda yake iya rayuwa da kuɗin shiga na dala 90 a wata.

"Wani lokaci nakan ci bashi, wani lokaci kuma nakan sayar da kayayyaki a gida. Misali tukwane tsofaffi, kwanukan da ba mu taɓa amfani da su ba ko kuma abubuwan da aka ba mu kyauta. Har ma mun sayar da wasu kayan amfanin gida," in ji shi.

Ya kuma fuskanci wasu ƙalubale.

Kamar yawancin 'yan Syria, Marvan ya dogara da tallafin jinƙai domin biyan buƙatunsa na yau da kullum.

Sai dai yanzu tallafin ya tsaya.

Sakamakon raguwar kuɗaɗen tallafi, ƙungiyoyin agaji sun tilasta rage irin taimakon da suke bayarwa ga jama'a.

Syria ta kuma fuskanci tasirin rikicin da ke tsakanin Amurka da Iran.

A cewar wata sanarwar gwamnati, tashin farashin man fetur da ya haddasa zanga-zangar ya samo asali ne a wani ɓangare daga matsin lamba kan kasuwannin makamashi da wannan rikici ya haifar.

Na haɗu da wani mai fansho, Nabil al-Remhein mai shekara 63.

Babu ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa huɗu manya da ya samu aikin yi.

"A kwanakin nan sau ɗaya kacal muke cin abinci a rana. Wannan babbar masifa ce. Ba ni kaɗai ba ne, gaba ɗayan al'umma na rayuwa a irin wannan hali. Dukkanmu muna fama da yunwa, tashin farashi na takura mana," in ji shi.

Alamomin gajiya da yanke kauna sun bayyana a sarari a fuskarsa.

Nabil ya kai ni gidansa.

Yana zaune ne a wata unguwa talaka mai ƙananan tituna da gidaje na yau da kullum.

Lokacin da muka kai ziyara, matarsa na cikin ayyukan gida.

Ko da yake gidan ya yi duhu, matar ba ta kunna fitilu ba.

"Ina damuwa da kuɗin lantarki," in ji Nabil.

"Mun fara rage amfani da fitilu a gida. Muna kashe firiji kusan awa biyar a kowace rana."

Sai dai kuɗin lantarki na ƙarshe ya kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kuɗin shigar iyalin na wata-wata, kuma har zuwa yanzu Nabil bai iya biyansa ba.

A cewar Haid Haid, mai nazari kan Syria kuma ƙwararre a cibiyar bincike ta Chatham House da ke London, yanayin rayuwar mafi yawan jama'a ya taɓarɓare idan aka kwatanta da lokacin kafin faduwar gwamnatin Assad.

A ganinsa, rikicin tattalin arziki na daga cikin "mafi haɗarin ƙalubalen" da ke fuskantar gwamnati, kuma ita kanta gwamnati na taka rawa wajen haddasa yanayin zuwa wani mataki.

"Wannan rikici na da alaƙa a wani ɓangare da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen shiga da kuma matsalolin da gwamnatin da ta gabata ta bari," in ji shi.

"Amma kuma sakamakon kai tsaye ne na wata sabuwar manufa da ke neman mayar da Syria ƙasar tattalin arzikin kasuwa mai 'yanci. Wannan manufa ba ta la'akari da yadda waɗannan gyare-gyaren za su shafi rayuwar jama'a ba."

Hakika, shugabancin Syria ya samu muhimman nasarori a wasu fannoni.

An ɗage takunkuman ƙasa da ƙasa da aka kakaba a zamanin Bashar al-Assad, inda Amurka ta cire Syria daga jerin ƙasashen da take zargi da ɗaukar nauyin ta'addanci.

Duk da cewa yanayin tsaro a ƙasar na nan cikin rashin tabbas da damuwa, a gaba ɗaya al'amura sun kasance cikin ɗan natsuwa.

Shugaban ƙasar na ci gaba da ƙarfafa ikonsa.

Musamman, a farkon wannan shekara ya samu nasarar sake karɓe ikon yankin arewa maso gabashin ƙasar mai yalwar albarkatu bayan korar ƙungiyoyin mayaƙan Kurdawa.

A lokaci guda kuma, al'ummar Druze har yanzu na rike iko da wasu yankuna a kudancin ƙasar kuma suna ƙoƙarin kafa tsarin mulkin kai a waɗannan yankuna.

Isra'ila ma ta karɓe ikon wasu yankuna a kudu maso yammacin Syria.

Sai dai har yanzu lokaci bai yi da za a yi magana kan farfaɗowar tattalin arzikin ƙasar ba.

Mafi yawan sassan Syria har yanzu na cikin baraguzan gini sakamakon yaƙin da ya kashe mutum rabin miliyan tare da tilasta wa rabin al'ummar ƙasar barin gidajensu.

Iyalai da yawa sun tilasta zama a gine-ginen da suka lalace wani ɓangare saboda ba za su iya biyan kuɗin haya ba.

Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta cewa ana buƙatar dala biliyan 216 domin sake gina ƙasar.

Ba tare da tallafin ƙasashen waje da zuba jari ba, 'yan Syria ba za su iya sake gina ƙasarsu ba.

Masanin tattalin arzikin Syria Samir Aita, ƙwararre a cibiyar Circle of Arab Economists da ke Paris, ya bayyana cewa rikicin da ake ciki yanzu ya samo asali ne daga manufofin gwamnati.

A cewarsa, gwamnati ta gaza samar da hasashen da ya dace tsakanin abin da jama'a ke tsammani da kuma haƙiƙanin halin da ƙasar ke ciki, maimakon haka ta ƙirƙira musu fata da ba za a iya cika su ba.