Me ya sa nasarar Lula ke da muhimmanci bayan lashe zaɓe wa'adi na huɗu?

A rayuwarsa ta shekaru 80, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ya shawo kan manyan ƙalubale : an haife shi cikin talauci, an zaɓe shi shugaban ƙasar Brazil, ya sake komawa mulki bayan an ɗaure shi, sannan ya yi nasara kan cutar daji har sau biyu.

Amma nasararsa a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka gudanar ranar Lahadi na da yanayi na musamman, ko da idan aka yi la'akari da shekarun da ya shafe a siyasa.

Lula ya samu kashi 51.7 cikin 100 na sahihan ƙuri'un, yayin da ɗan takara mai tsatssauran ra'ayi Flávio Bolsonaro ya samu kashi 48.2 cikin 100. Wannan sakamakon ya tabbatar masa da wa'adi na huɗu wanda ƴan kwanaki da suka gabata, wasu ke da shakku kan hakan.

Bolsonaro ya kasance kamar wanda aka fi tunanin zai samu nasara bayan ya lashe zagayen farko na zaɓen a farkon wannan watan da tazarar kusan maki biyu, kuma ya samu goyon bayan mutum biyu daga cikin ƴan takara uku da aka soke takararsu waɗanda suka samu mafi yawan ƙuri'u. (Na ukun ya ƙauracewa zaɓen, amma tunda shi ma yana bangaren masu tsatssauran ra'ayi, an yi tunanin magoya bayansa za su koma ga abokin hamayya.)

Wannan wata babbar nasara ce ga Lula: tun bayan da Brazil ta kafa wannan tsarin zaɓe kusan shekaru arba'in da suka wuce, babu wanda ya taɓa yin nasara a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen shugaban ƙasa bayan ya sha kaye a zagayen farko.

Abokin hamayyarsa ɗa ne ga tsohon shugaban ƙasa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi Jair Bolsonaro, wanda a halin yanzu yake kurkuku saboda yunƙurin juyin mulki bayan Lula ya yi nasara a kan shi shekaru huɗu da suka gabata.

Zaɓen ya kawo ƙarshen jerin zaɓukan shugaban ƙasa guda bakwai a jere a Latin Amurka da 'yan takara masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da tasu ta zo ɗaya da shugaban Amurka Donald Trump suka yi nasara tun bara.

"Idan akwai wani da zai iya sauya alƙiblar wannan yanayin (na zaɓe), to Lula ne; wataƙila babu wani shugaba da zai iya yin hakan," in ji Carolina Pedroso, masaniya kan hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa a Jami'ar Tarayya ta São Paulo.

Lula, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan siyasar yankin tun farkon wannan ƙarni, ya ce wannan ne karo na ƙarshe da zai fafata a zaɓe.

Amma yayin da wannan nasara take da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare shi, ta kuma ɗora masa ƙalubalen da bai taɓa fuskanta ba a baya.

Maƙeri

An haifi Lula ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1945 a Pernambuco, wata jiha mai fama da talauci a arewa maso gabashin Brazil. Shi ne na bakwai cikin yara takwas da wasu manoma suka haifa.

Mahaifinsa ya bar su kafin a haife shi domin yin aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa da ke Santos, a jihar São Paulo.

Lula ya fara haɗuwa da mahaifinsa ne lokacin da yake ɗan shekara biyar lokacin da ya dawo ya ziyarce su na ɗan lokaci. Ba da jimawa ba, shi ma ya tafi tare da mahaifiyarsa da 'yan uwansa zuwa São Paulo.

Da yana tasowa, Lula ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gyaran takalma. Ya bar makaranta yana da shekara 14, kuma kafin ya kai shekara 20 ya ƙware a aikin sarrafa ƙarafa, sana'ar da ta zama babbar sana'arsa kuma alamar da aka fi saninsa da ita.

"Idan kuka tambaye ni wane ɓangare nake - hagu ko na dama, zan faɗa muku: ni maƙeri ne, ni ɗan Katolika ne kuma mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Corinthia," kamar yadda ya shaida a shekarar 2006 lokacin da aka tambaye shi aƙidarsa, lokacin da ya riga ya zama shugaban ƙasa.

Ya yi fice a matsayin jagoran ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta maƙera a lokacin mulkin soja, sannan ya kafa Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta PT wadda ita ce ƙungiya mafi girma ta masu sassaucin ra'ayi a Latin Amurka.

A shekarar 2003 ya zama tsohon ma'aikaci na farko da ya zama shugaban ƙasar Brazil, a yunƙurinsa na ci gaba da mulki a karo na huɗu.

Wa'adinsa biyu na farko sun ja hankalin duniya saboda shirye-shiryen jin ƙai da suka fitar da miliyoyin 'yan Brazil daga talauci, suka rage yunwa da rashin daidaito a lokacin da farashin kayayyaki ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, kuma suka zama abin koyi ga sauran gwamnatoci masu sassaucin ra'ayi.

Jami'o'i da dama a duniya sun ba shi digirin girmamawa, kuma a shekarar 2009 shugaban Amurka a lokacin Barack Obama ya kira shi "ɗan siyasa mafi mafi shahara a duniya."

Ba kamar wasu shugabannin Latin Amurka masu sassaucin ra'ayi ba waɗanda ya guji sukar su , Lula ya mutunta ƙa'idojin dimokuradiyya, kuma a shekarar 2011 ya miƙa mulki, tare da samun amincewar fiye da kashi 80 cikin 100, ga Dilma Rousseff, tsohuwar ministarsa wadda ya zaɓa a matsayin magajiyarsa.

Sai dai kuma badaƙalar cin hanci ta ɓarke a lokacin gwamnatocin PT.

Lula da kansa ya yi watanni 19 a kurkuku tsakanin shekarun 2018 da 2019 bayan an same shi da laifi a babbar shari'ar cin hanci ta "Car Wash", wadda daga baya aka soke hukuncinta saboda kura-kuran tsarin shari'a da kuma rashin nuna adalci daga alƙali.

Tun daga lokacin, Brazil ta koma ga daidaito da samun ci gaban tattalin arziki, kodayake ba tare da kai matakan da aka samu a wa'adin farko na Lula ba, tare da yawan bashin gwamnati da na gidaje da ke haifar da damuwa.

Gwamnatin ta sake samun ci gaba a fannin walwala kamar rage talauci da rashin aikin yi, har ma zuwa matakan da suka yi ƙasa da na wa'adinsa na farko, amma hakan ya zo da ƙarin lalacewar tsarin kasafin kuɗi.

Lula ya ci gaba da riƙe ƙaƙƙarfan goyon baya tsakanin masu ƙaramin ƙarfi.

Kafin zagaye na biyu, ya nemi goyon bayan wannan rukunin masu zaɓe ta hanyar sanar da ƙarin kuɗi da biyan kuɗaɗen tallafi a ƙarƙashin shirin "Bolsa Família", wanda shi ne babbar manhajarsa ta jin ƙai, da kuma dokar da aka amince da ita don rage kwanakin aiki daga shida zuwa biyar a mako.

Akwai sarƙaƙiya

Nasarar Lula ta ba ƙasa mafi girma a Latin Amurka damar dakile saurin yaɗuwar tasirin 'yan siyasa masu ra'ayin ria yankin.

Wannan shi ne zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na farko da ɓangaren masu sassaucin ra'ayi ya lashe a Latin Amurka tun bayan dawowar Trump fadar White House a bara. A Colombia, da Peru, da Costa Rica, da Honduras, da Chile, da Bolivia da Ecuador, 'yan takarar masu ra'ayin rikau ne suka yi nasara.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan shugabanni kamar Javier Milei na Argentina da Nayib Bukele na El Salvador, suna cikin wata sabuwar ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Trump ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙara tasirinsa a yankin Amurka ta Arewa da da ta Kudu ta hanyar goyon bayan 'yan takara masu ra'ayi iri ɗaya da nasa, da ba da umarnin gudanar da ayyukan soji kai tsaye a yankin, da kuma kafa ƙawancen tsaro da gwamnatoci 14, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "Garkuwar Amurka."

Lula na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun shugabannin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da suka fito fili suka yi adawa da matakan matsin lamba na Washington.

Nasarar Lula ta bai wa ƙasar Brazil, wadda ita ce mafi girma a Latin Amurka, damar dakile saurin yaɗuwar tasirin 'yan siyasar masu ra'ayin rikau a yankin.

Wannan shi ne zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na farko da 'yan siyasar hagu suka lashe a Latin Amurka tun bayan komawar Donald Trump Fadar White House a bara. A Colombia, Peru, Costa Rica, Honduras, Chile, Bolivia da Ecuador, 'yan takarar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne suka yi nasara.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan shugabanni, da kuma wasu shugabannin yankin kamar Javier Milei na Argentina da Nayib Bukele na El Salvador, suna cikin sabuwar ƙungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayin dama. Wannan ƙungiya tana haɗa tsauraran matakan tsaro da danniya, sassaucin tattalin arziki da kuma kusantar Amurka ta fuskar manufofi, waɗanda suka sha bamban matuƙa da manufofin 'yan hagu.

Trump ya yi ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa tasirinsa a nahiyar Amurka ta hanyar nuna goyon baya ga 'yan takarar da suke da ra'ayi iri ɗaya da shi, ba da umarnin gudanar da ayyukan soji kai tsaye a yankin, da kuma ƙulla ƙawancen tsaro da gwamnatoci 14, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da "Garkuwar Amurka" (Shield of the Americas).

Lula na ɗaya daga cikin ƙalilan shugabannin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da suka fito fili suka yi adawa da matakan da Washington ke ɗauka.