Shugabannin Afrika 11 da suka yi zaman gidan yari kafin hawa mulki

Kafin zama shugabanni a ƙasahensu, wasu shugabannin Afrika sun sha baƙar wahala musamman zama a gidan yari, inda wasu suka shafe watanni, wasu kuma shekaru.

Dukkansu an ɗaure su ne saboda adawa da mulkin mallaka, faɗa da kama ƙarya ko kuma tsayawa don ganin sauyin siyasa da mutanen su ke hanƙoro.

Mutane da dama daga cikin waɗannan shugabanni, zaman gidan yari ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwarsu ta siyasa mai cike da tarihi. Bayan an sake su daga gidan yari, ba su yi watsi da gwagwarmayarsu ba, sai ma suka ci gaba da fafutuka har zuwa lokacin da suka samu damar jagorantar ƙasashensu, ko dai ta hanyar lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa ko kuma samun manyan muƙaman gwamnati.

Ko da yake labaransu sun sha bamban, daga na Nelson Mandela a Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Hakainde Hichilema a Zambia, da kuma Bassirou Diomaye Faye a Senegal, akwai abu guda da ya haɗa su: duk sun taɓa shiga kurkuku a wani lokaci kafin su zama shugabannin ƙasashensu.

Waɗannan na cikin shugabannin Afirka da suka taɓa fuskantar zaman gidan yari kafin zama shugabannin ƙasa, duk da cewa akwai wasu da dama da mafarkinsu na siyasa ya tsaya iya gidan yari ba tare da sun kai ga cimma burinsu ba.

Hakainde Hichilema - zaman gida yari na watanni 4

A watan Afrilun 2017, 'yan sandan Zambiya sun kama Hakainde Hichilema, wanda a wancan lokaci shi ne jagoran adawa, tare da tuhumarsa kan laifin cin amanar ƙasa.

Tuhumar ta samo asali ne daga wani lamari, inda aka ce motarsa ta hana wata ayarin motocin Shugaba Edgar Lungu samun hanyar wuce wa.

Hichilema ya musanta zarge-zargen, yayin da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam suka yi Alla-wadai da kamen da kuma yadda aka yi amfani da tuhumar cin amanar ƙasa a kansa.

Ya shafe kusan wata huɗu a gidan yari daga Afrilu zuwa Agustan 2017.

Daga baya an wanke shi daga zarge-zargen, kuma aka sake shi a ranar 16 ga Agustan 2017.

Bayan ya sha kaye a zaɓe sau da dama, Hichilema ya samu nasarar kayar da Edgar Lungu a zaɓen shekarar 2021, kuma a ranar 24 ga Agustan 2021 aka rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasar Zambiya.

Hichilema ya sake lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a watan Agustan 2026, lamarin da ya ba shi damar fara wa'adi na biyu a shugabancin Zambiya.

Bassirou Diomaye Faye - watanni 11

An kama shi ne a watan Afrilun 2023 bayan wani saƙo da ya wallafa a kafafen sada zumunta, inda aka tuhume shi da yaɗa bayanan ƙarya da kuma hana gudanar da adalci.

An kama Bassirou Diomaye Faye a lokacin da ƙasar Senegal ke fama da tsananin rikicin siyasa tsakanin jagoran adawa Ousmane Sonko da gwamnatin Shugaba Macky Sall.

An kama Faye ne a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2023, kuma ya kasance a tsare har zuwa watan Maris na 2024, kusan tsawon watanni 11.

An sake shi ne jim kaɗan kafin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa bayan da aka yi masa afuwa.

Faye ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na watan Maris 2024, sannan aka rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasar Senegal a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2024.

Har yanzu Faye ne shugaban Senegal, kuma ya shafe kusan shekara biyu da watanni huɗu yana kan mulki.

Alpha Condé - Shekara 2

Alpha Condé ya kasance ɗan siyasar adawa wanda ya yi hamayya da mulkin Shugaba Lansana Conté.

Bayan zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 1998, an kama Condé a kusa da iyakar Guinea da Côte d'Ivoire.

An zarge shi da ƙoƙarin ficewa daga Guinea ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ƙin amincewa a kama shi, da kuma shirya kifar da gwamnati.

Daga baya an same shi da laifi kan tuhume-tuhumen da suka shafi barazana ga tsaron ƙasa.

An kama Condé a watan Disamban 1998, kuma aka sake shi a watan Mayun 2001, bayan shafe kusan shekara biyu da rabi a tsare.

Condé ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Guinea na shekarar 2010, kuma ya karɓi mulki a watan Disamban wannan shekarar.

Ya yi shugabancin ƙasar na tsawon shekara 11, daga 2010 zuwa 2021.

Sai dai an hamɓarar da shi daga mulki sakamakon juyin mulkin soja da aka yi a watan Satumban 2021.

Olusegun Obasanjo - Shekara uku

An kama tsohon shugaban mulkin sojan Najeriya, Olusegun Obasanjo, a shekarar 1995 a lokacin mulkin soja na janar Sani Abacha, bayan an zarge shi da hannu a wani shirin juyin mulki.

Obasanjo ya musanta zarge-zargen da aka yi masa.

Lamarin ya jawo suka daga ɓangarori da dama, musamman bayan da aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, wanda daga baya aka rage zuwa shekara 15 a gidan yari.

Ya kwashe kusan shekara uku a kurkuku, daga 1995 zuwa 1998.

An sake shi ne bayan rasuwar Abacha a shekarar 1998.

Daga baya Obasanjo ya lashe zaɓen shugaban kasa na Najeriya na shekarar 1999, sannan aka rantsar da shi a ranar 29 ga Mayun 1999.

Ya mulki Najeriya a matsayin shugaban kasa na wa'adi biyu, inda ya shafe shekaru takwas a kan mulki daga 1999 zuwa 2007.

Jacob Zuma - Shekaru 10

Zuma ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC (African National Congress), inda daga baya ya zama mamba na Umkhonto we Sizwe, reshen sojin ANC da ya yi yaƙi don adawa da wariyar launin fata.

An kama shi a shekarar 1963, yayin da yake ƙoƙarin ficewa daga Afirka ta Kudu tare da wasu mambobin ƙungiyar.

An same shi da laifi ƙarƙashin dokokin hukunci na wariyar launin fata, inda aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari daga 1963 zuwa 1973, mafi yawansu a tsibirin Robben.

Yana da shekara 21 kacal lokacin da aka tura shi gidan yari.

Daga baya ya zama Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 9 ga Mayun shekarar 2009.

Ya shugabanci ƙasar daga 2009 zuwa 2018.

Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a watan Fabrairun 2018 bayan fuskantar matsin lamba mai tsanani daga jam'iyyarsa ta ANC.

Robert Mugabe - Shekara 11

Mugabe ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu adawa da mulkin fararen fata a Kudancin Rhodesia, wadda a yanzu ake kira Zimbabwe.

An kama shi bayan da ya koma ƙasar a ƙarshen shekarar 1963.

An zarge shi da yin kalaman tunzura jama'a, tare da alaƙanta shi da gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci ta jam'iyyar ZANU.

Ko da yake da farko an yanke masa hukuncin ɗauri na ɗan lokaci, an ci gaba da tsare shi na shekaru da dama yayin da gwamnatin fararen fata ke murƙushe masu adawa da mulkinta.

Mugabe ya kwashe kusan shekaru 11 a gidan yari, daga 1963 zuwa 1974.

Yayin da yake gidan yari, ya ci gaba da harkokinsa na siyasa, har da bai wa sauran fursunoni darusa.

Bayan Zimbabwe ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1980, Mugabe ya zama Firaministan ƙasar.

A shekarar 1987 kuma ya zama Shugaban Zimbabwe.

Ya shugaban ƙasa na tsawon shekaru 30, daga 1987 zuwa 2017.

Ya yi murabus a watan Nuwambar 2017 bayan sojoji sun tsoma baki a siyasar ƙasar, kuma jam'iyyarsa ta juya masa baya tare da neman ya sauka daga mulki.

Hastings Kamuzu Banda - Watanni 13

A shekarar 1958, bayan ya shafe shekaru da dama a ƙasashen waje, Hastings Banda ya koma Nyasaland, wadda a yau ake kira Malawi.

Shi ne jagoran jam'iyyar Nyasaland African Congress, kuma ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da Central African Federation, wata ƙungiya da yawancin masu fafutukar kishin Afirka suka ɗauka a matsayin wata hanya ta ci gaba da kare ikon fararen fata.

A shekarar 1959, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ayyana dokar ta-baci tare da haramta jam'iyyar. Banda na ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin da aka kama.

An tsare shi a gidan yari na kusan watanni 13, daga Maris 1959 zuwa Afrilu 1960.

Lokacin da ƙasar ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1964, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Firaministan Malawi.

Banda ya zama shugaban Malawi na farko, bayan ƙasar ta zama jamhuriya a shekarar 1966.

Ya mulki ƙasar na tsawon shekaru 28, daga 1966 zuwa 1994.

Daga bisani an hamɓarar da shi daga mulki bayan zaɓen jam'iyyu da dama na farko da aka gudanar a ƙasar a shekarar 1994.

Kwame Nkrumah - ɗaurin shekara 1

Kwame Nkrumah na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin da suka yi gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai a Ghana, wadda a lokacin ake kira Gold Coast.

A shekarar 1950, ya ƙaddamar da shahararriyar fafutikarsa ta "Positive Action", wadda ta haɗa da yajin aiki, zanga-zanga da kuma ƙin ba da haɗin kai ga gwamnatin mulkin mallakar Birtaniya.

Gwamnatin ta mulkin mallaka ta kama shi tare da zarginsa da tunzura jama'a.

An tura shi gidan yari a shekarar 1950, amma aka sake shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairun 1951 bayan jam'iyyarsa ta Convention People's Party (CPP) ta lashe zaɓe, duk da cewa yana tsare a kurkuku a lokacin.

Ya shafe kusan shekara guda a gidan yari.

Kwame Nkrumah ya yi nasarar lashe zaɓe ne yayin da yake tsare a kurkuku.

An zaɓe shi Firaministan Gold Coast a shekarar 1952, sannan daga baya ya zama Firaministan Ghana bayan ƙasar ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1957.

Nkrumah ya zama shugaban ƙasa na farko, lokacin da Ghana ta zama jamhuriya a shekarar 1960,

Ya yi mulkin na tsawon shekara shida, daga 1960 zuwa 1966.

An hamɓarar da gwamnatinsa ne a wani juyin mulkin da aka yi a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1966.

Jomo Kenyatta - ɗaurin watanni 9

Jomo Kenyatta na ɗaya daga cikin jagororin da suka yi gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kan Kenya tare da adawa da mulkin mallakar Birtaniya.

Bayan ayyana dokar ta-ɓaci a watan Oktoban 1952, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ƙaddamar da wani samame domin kama jagororin siyasar Kenya. Kenyatta na cikin waɗanda aka kama.

Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta zargi Kenyatta da kasancewa jagoran ƙungiyar Mau Mau, wadda ake dangantawa da yin tawaye ga mulkin mallaka.

Sai dai Kenyatta ya sha musanta cewa shi ne jagoran ƙungiyar.

An kama Kenyatta a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1952, kuma ya kasance a tsare har zuwa shekarar 1961.

An tsare shi a gidajen yari daban-daban a faɗin Kenya.

Bayan sakinsa, an naɗa Kenyatta a matsayin Firaministan Kenya a shekarar 1963, wadda ita ce shekarar da ƙasar ta samu 'yancin kai.

A shekarar 1964, lokacin da Kenya ta zama jamhuriya, ya zama shugaban ƙasar na farko.

Ya mulki ƙasar na tsawon shekaru 14, daga 1964 zuwa 1978.

Jomo Kenyatta ya rasu a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 1978.

Nelson Mandela - Shekara 27

Nelson Mandela ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin duniya da suka yi gwagwarmayar kawo ƙarshen tsarin wariyar launin fata (Apartheid) da ya wanzu a Afirka ta Kudu.

Ya shiga jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), sannan daga baya ya taimaka wajen kafa reshen sojojinta mai suna Umkhonto we Sizwe, bayan da gwamnati ta ƙara tsananta matakan murƙushe masu adawa da ita.

A shekara ta 1962, an kama Mandela tare da yanke masa hukunci saboda barin ƙasar ba tare da izini ba da kuma ƙarfafa ma'aikata su shiga yajin aiki.

Daga baya, a shari'ar da ta shahara ta Rivonia, an same shi da sauran shugabannin ANC da laifukan yin zagon ƙasa da kuma shirya kifar da gwamnati.

Mandela ya shafe shekara 27 a gidan yari, daga 1962 zuwa ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 1990.

An tsare shi a gidajen yari daban-daban, ciki har da fitaccen gidan yarin Robben Island.

An rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1994, bayan gudanar da zaɓe na farko da mutane daga dukkan launuka suka halarta.

Ya jagoranci ƙasar a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na tsawon shekaru biyar, daga 1994 zuwa 1999.

Bayan kammala wa'adinsa na farko, Mandela ya yanke shawarar sauka daga mulki da kansa ba tare da neman sake tsayawa takara ba.

Abdoulaye Wade - Senegal

Bayan zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 1988, Abdoulaye Wade da sauran shugabannin adawa sun yi zargin cewa an yi tafka maguɗi , lamarin da ya janyo gagarumar zanga-zanga a ƙasar.

An kama Wade saboda shiga zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati, kuma an yanke masa hukunci, sai dai ba a ɗaure shi a gidan yari ba.

An sake kama shi a shekarar 1994 bayan zarginsa da hannu a kisan wani jami'in gwamnati.

Daga bisani dai an wanke shi daga waɗannan zarge-zarge.

Kamen da aka yi masa ya kasance na ɗan lokaci, idan aka kwatanta da wasu shugabanni irin su Nelson Mandela, Jomo Kenyatta ko Jacob Zuma.

Wade ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2000, kuma ya jagoranci Senegal na tsawon shekaru 12, daga 2000 zuwa 2012.